What is Network? A computer network is a collection of computers connected together for sharing information and hardware, software resources. A network can be formed with wired or wirelessly.
Definition A computer network is a group of interconnected computers so as to facilitate sharing of resources and enhanced communication. Computer network facilitates the sharing of hardware & software resources among different users working on different computers. These shared resources can be data files, any application software and hardware devices like printer, modems etc.
Interconnected computers from the computer networks.
Internet Introduction Internet is computer - based worldwide information network. It provides many services to make our work easier.
Internet is one of the best technologies used in the present world of computers. It has brought the entire world at your home.
Internet is a network of millions of computers, which are connected to each other & their number in growing day by day.
History of the Internet Internet was introduced in 1969, when US. Department of Defense sponsored a project name ARPANET (stands for Advanced Research Project Agency Network). The original ARPANET was shut down in 1990, & the government funding for NSFnet discontinued in 1995. But the commercial Internet services came into picture, which are still running the Internet.
Definition Internet is a computer based works wide communications network, which is composed of large number of smaller inter - connected networks.
In other words: The Internet is a network of computer, spread all over the world, that allows users to share information & to communicative with each other Uses of Internet
i) Access to information: On internet we can find information regarding anything, either personal, professional or study related problem. We can read newspaper online, read a book, check the latest movie A computer that isn’t connected to a network is known as a Stand-Alone Computer. A computer connected to a network is known as A Workstation or a Node or a Host. reviews, order for flowers, and get latest information on the latest software.
ii) International Communications: Over half of the world’s nations have sites on Internet. Even more have access to e-mail gateways to exchange electronic with Internet sites. We can communicate with friends & colleagues anywhere in the world.
iii) Research: With every major university in the USA & Europe connected to internet, we can find information that will help us in our research.
iv) Education
v) Fun
Advantage of Internet
- Greater access to information reduces research times.
- . Global reach enables one to connect to anyone on the Internet.
- . Easy communication with other people.
- Publishing documents on the Internet save papers.
- Useful communication links.
Disadvantage of Internet
- · Cyber frauds may take place involving Credit/Debit card numbers and Details.
- · Computer viruses get downloaded and spread across machines connected to networks & have detrimental effects.
- · Much of the information isn’t checked & may be incorrected or irrelevant.
- · Too much time spent on the Internet could result in a lack of face-to-face interaction with others & a loss of social skills.
- · Going on-line runs the risk of malicious hackers or viruses being able to damage your computer.
WWW (World Wide Web) From the late 1960s to the early 1990s, the Internet was a communication and research tool used almost exclusively for academic & military purposes.
Before WWW, Internet was mainly used for obtaining textual information. It was developed in 1989 by Tim Berners- Le in Switzerland.
The protocol used in the exchange is called Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Web page are written in simple markup language called Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). Hypertext concept was given by Ted Nelson, 1965.
Meaning of WWW The World Wide Web is a collection of documents stored on the computers around the world. These documents are available on the Internet and may contain a wide variety of resources such as text, graphics, multimedia etc.
In other words The World Wide Web (WWW) is a set of programs, standards, & protocols that allows the multimedia & hypertext files to be created, displayed & linked on the Internet.
History of WWW Present day WWW has its official birth date as April 30, 1993. In the following table, we are giving a brief history of WWW.
Difference between WWW & Internet : A large part of the Internet is the ‘world wide web’ (WWW). This is made up of website that have one or more web pages. But the Internet isn’t just the web pages that you use every day.
It is also consist of:
Forums where people can seek help and advice about a topic.
Research databases used by universities and large companies. E-mail & Instant Messaging (IM) system.
It is really important to understand that the Internet is not the same as WWW. The internet is to the World Wide Web as Europe is to Germany. One is the container, the other one is an item within the container.
Note: While Internet is a collecting of computers or networking devices connected together WWW is a collection of documents, linked via special links called hyperlinks. WWW forms a large part of Internet but is not the Internet.
Internet Terminology
Client: Any computer on the networks that requests services from another computer on the Internet.
Server: Any computer that receives requests from client computers, processes & sends the output. Web servers respond to web related request. There can be other types of servers to handle different type of requests/actions.
Webpage: Any digital page/document hosted on Internet (i.e., accessible via Internet.)
Website: A collection of interconnected webpages, designed with a certain goal in mind.
Web portal: A website or service that offers a broad array of resources such as e-mail, forums, and search engines among others, e.g., sites like MSN, Yahoo, India times etc.
Web Browser: A program or software on a client computer that retrieves information from the web. Examples are: Internet Explorer, Google chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, Mosaic, Opera, Safari, and Lynx etc.
URL: Uniform Resource Locator. It is the unique address of a web page on Internet.
Elements of URL
Blog: Short for Web log, a blog is a web page that serves as a publicly accessible personal journal for an individual. A blog is frequently updated online personal journal or diary.
Example. www.successmantrablog.blogspot.com
Blogger: The author of a blog is called blogger. A blogger is the one who regularly writes and updates entries in his/her blog. Blogging: The action of writing blog is called blogging.
Newsgroup: Newsgroups are Internet discussion forums where groups of users with common interests gather to discuss on a common topic of interest.
E-mail: Short for electronic mail, email refers to messages distributes by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via a network mostly Internet. Use for formal communication also need an email I'd to send email to another person.
Hyperlink: A hyperlink is an element in an HTML document that links to either another portion of the document or to another document altogether. On webpages, hyperlinks are usually colored purple or blue and are sometimes underlined.
Protocols: A protocol is a set of rules and guidelines for communicating data. Rules are defined for each step and process during communication between two or more computers.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): This Internet Protocol defines how data is transmitted over the internet and determines how web servers and browsers should respond to commands. This protocol (or its secure counterpart, HTTPS) appears at the beginning of various URLs or web addresses online.
Secure Socket Shell (SSH): This protocol provides secure access to a computer, even if it’s on an unsecured network. SSH is particularly useful for network administrators who need to manage different systems remotely.
Short Message Service (SMS): This communications protocol was created to send and receive text messages over cellular networks. SMS refers exclusively to text-based messages.
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS): Pictures, videos or other media require.
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- Internet Protocol (IP)
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- Post office Protocol (POP)
- Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
- ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
- TELNET(Terminal Network)
- SSH(Secure Shell / Secure shocket shell)
- SFTP(Secure File Transfer Protocol)
- HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
- IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4)
- IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)
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| S.No. | INTERNET | WWW |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Internet is a global network of networks. | WWW stands for World wide Web. |
| 2 | Internet is a means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world. | World Wide Web which is a collection of information which is accessed via the Internet. |
| 3 | Internet is infrastructure. | WWW is service on top of that infrastructure. |
| 4 | Internet can be viewed as a big book-store. | Web can be viewed as collection of books on that store. |
| 5 | At some advanced level, to understand we can think of the Internet as hardware. | At some advanced level, to understand we can think of the WWW as software. |
| Web Browser | Search Engine |
| A web browser is a software application used to retrieve data from webpages or HTML files present in servers. | Search Engine is kind of a website where a user can search for information and the results based on the same are displayed on the screen. |
| A web browser used Graphical Interface to help users experience an interactive online session on the World Wide Web | A search engine has three main components:
|
| No database of its own. Only comprises a memory to store cache and cookies | It has its own database |
| Multiple Web Browsers can be installed on a single device | You do not need to install a search engine in your system |
Examples of Web Browser are:
| Examples of Search Engine include:
|
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