CBSE Class 12 Important topic of Computer Network

 Important Terms Related to Computer network

We will discussed important Terms related Computer Just read out. You should remember on Your figure tips.

 

Computer Networks: Several devices connected to each other for reliable communication/transfer of data constitute a network. A network can consist of a computer, a fax machine, a printer, a camera, a cell  phone, etc. A collection of interconnected computers is called a computer Network. 

Resource Sharing: The primary use of a network is to share among users programs applications, data and peripheral devices connected to the network, irrespective of their physical location. You must have notice in your networked computer labs that when a printer command is given on one computer, the document is printed by a printer attached to some other computer.

Internet: Internet, a system architecture that has revolutionized communications and methods of commerce by allowing various computer networks around the world to interconnect. 

InterSpace : Interspace is a software that allows multiple users in a client-server environment to communicate with each other by sending and receiving data of various types such as data files, video, and audio and textual data. It facilitates online real-time exchange of data. Interspace is the most advanced term of communication available on the internet today. 

Gateways: is the device that connects dissimilar networks. A backbone is a central interconnected structure that connects one or more networks jus like the trunk of a tree. 

Nodes: The term node refers to computers that are attached to a network and are seeking to share resource. In a communication network, each device that is part of a network and that can receive, create, store or send data to different network routes is called a node. In the connect of data communication, a node can be a device.

Server: A server refers to a computer that facilitates sharing of data, software and hardware resources on network. Servers tend to have more memory, processing power and storage than a normal workstation. 

NIC: Network Interface Unit: A network interface unit is an interpreter that helps in establishing communication between the server and the client. It is also called network adapter. LAN adapter, network interface controller or Network Interface Card 

MAC: Media Access Control: Each NIC has a unique physical address known as MAC address. MAC address is a 12-digit hexadecimal number and is usually written in one of the following formats: 00:1b:63:84:45:e6 or as 00-1B-63-84-45-E6 First half of MAC is ID number of the adapter manufacturer and second- half represents the serial number assigned to the adapter by the namufacturer. 

IP Address: Every machine on A TCP?/IP network has a unique identifying number called an IP address.  It  helps in uniquely identifying a computer on the network. An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique 4-digit hexadecimal number assigned to each device connected to a network. An IP address is a group of four bytes(4*8=32 bits), each of which can be a number from 0to255

Difference between MAC Address and IP Address: 

S.NO	MAC Address	IP Address
1.	MAC Address stands for Media Access Control Address.	IP Address stands for Internet Protocol Address.
2.	MAC Address is a six byte hexadecimal address.	IP Address is either a four-byte (IPv4) or an eight-byte (IPv6) address.
3.	A device attached with MAC Address can retrieve by ARP protocol.	A device attached with IP Address can retrieve by RARP protocol.
4.	NIC Card’s Manufacturer provides the MAC Address.	Internet Service Provider provides IP Address.
5.	MAC Address is used to ensure the physical address of a computer.	IP Address is the logical address of the computer.
6.	MAC Address operates in the data link layer.	IP Address operates in the network layer.
7.	MAC Address helps in simply identifying the device.	IP Address identifies the connection of the device on the network.
8.	MAC Address of computer cannot be changed with time and environment.	IP Address modifies with the time and environment.
9.	MAC Addresses can’t be found easily by a third party.	IP Addresses can be found by a third party.
10.	It is a 48-bit address that contains 6 groups of 2 hexadecimal digits, separated by either hyphens (-) or colons(:). Example: 00:FF:FF:AB:BB:AA or  00-FF-FF-AB-BB-AA	IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses in dotted notations, whereas IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses in hexadecimal notations. Example: IPv4 192.168.1.1 IPv6  FFFF:F200:3204:0B00

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