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NIC – NIC or network interface card is a network adapter that is used to connect the computer to the network. It is installed in the computer to establish a LAN. It has a unique id that is written on the chip, and it has a connector to connect the cable to it. The cable acts as an interface between the computer and router or modem. NIC card is a layer 2 device which means that it works on both physical and data link layer of the network model.
Different type of networking devices : There is different type of networking device is used in a network and there we will discuss about them. Let us discuss about them
Bridge –It is also used for interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. A bridge operates at the data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add on the functionality of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of source and destination. It is also used for interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. It has a single input and single output port, thus making it a 2 port device.
Repeater – An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they do not amplify the signal. A repeater operates at the physical layer of OSI model. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted so. It is a 2 port device.
Switch – A switch is a data link layer device. A switch is a multiport device a design that can boost its efficiency(a large number of ports imply less traffic) and performance. The switch can perform error checking before forwarding data, which makes it very efficient as it does not forward packets that have errors and forward good packets selectively to the correct port only. In other words, the switch divides the collision domain of hosts, but broadcast domain remains the same.
Routers – The router is mainly a Network Layer device. A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs together and have a dynamically updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data packets.
Gateway – A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two networks together that may work upon different networking models. They basically work as the messenger agents that take data from one system, interpret it, and transfer it to another system. Gateways are also called protocol converters and can operate at any network layer. Gateways are generally more complex than switches or routers. Gateway is also called a protocol converter.
Hub -- A hub is basically a multiport repeater. A hub connects multiple wires coming from different branches, for example, the connector in star topology which connects different stations. Hubs cannot filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices. In other words, the collision domain of all hosts connected through Hub remains one. Also, they do not have the intelligence to find out the best path for data packets which leads to inefficiencies and wastage.
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